In Spain, the management of occupational risks is regulated by the Occupational Risk Prevention Law and its development regulations. This legislation establishes the rights and duties of employers and workers in matters of occupational risk prevention. According to this law, the employer has the primary responsibility for ensuring the safety and health of workers in all work-related aspects. This includes identifying risks, assessing them, and adopting preventive and protective measures.

Workers also have responsibilities in the context of occupational risk prevention. They are obliged to use machines, equipment, tools, hazardous substances, transportation equipment, and other means with which they carry out their activities correctly, as well as the personal protective equipment provided by the employer. In addition, they must immediately report to the employer or those responsible for prevention any situation that, in their judgment, may pose a risk to the safety and health of workers.